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Registros recuperados: 44
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A Game Theoretic Approach to Organic Foods: An Analysis of Asymmetric Information and Policy AgEcon
McCluskey, Jill J..
Demand for healthy, safe, and environmentally friendly food products has been increasing. In response, producers are marketing organic and other quality-differentiated foods, sometimes claiming to have followed sound environmental and animal welfare practices. These products frequently have unobservable quality attributes. If the profitmaximizing producer is able to deceive the consumer with a false claim, then he or she will enjoy a higher price with lower production costs (compared to the full disclosure outcome). The analysis described in this paper shows that repeat-purchase relationships and third-party monitoring are required for high-quality credence goods to be available. Policy implications of this analysis for national organic food standards are...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Credence goods; Organic foods.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; L15; Q13.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123706
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A Theory of Strategic Diffusion AgEcon
Goyal, Sanjeev; Galeotti, Andrea.
The important role of friends, neighbors and colleagues in shaping individual choices has been brought out in a number of studies over the years. The presence of significant ‘local’ influence in shaping individual behavior suggests that firms, governments and developmental agencies should explicitly incorporate it in the design of their marketing and developmental strategies. This paper develops a framework for the study of optimal strategies in the presence of social interaction. We focus on the case of a single player who exerts costly effort to get a set of individuals – engaged in social interaction – to choose a certain action. Our formulation allows for different types of social interaction (ranging from sharing of information to direct adoption...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Social Interaction; Seeding the Network; Word of Mouth Communication; Diffusion Strategy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D8; L15.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9096
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Buyer and Seller Response to an Adverse Food Safety Event: The Case of Frozen Salmon in Alberta AgEcon
Maynard, Leigh J.; Saghaian, Sayed H.; Nickoloff, Megan.
Fish is a low-fat protein source high in omega-3 fatty acids, but in 2004 consumers also heard that farmed salmon had high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). This research evaluated how Canadian consumers and processors reacted to the conflicting health messages. Demand estimates and time-series analysis of 2001-2006 frozen meat scanner data in Alberta, Canada show a significant drop in salmon expenditure share following the PCB finding. The industry responded by launching low-priced wild salmon products, which contributed to significant demand expansion. The analysis illustrates how a food safety threat was averted and even served as a catalyst for growth.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Salmon; Scanner data; Food Safety; Demand; Directed acyclic graphs; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; L15; Q11.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6832
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Can German Wine Cooperatives Compete on Quality? AgEcon
Schamel, Guenter.
The German Agricultural Society (DLG) manages a multi-round annual quality control scheme where wines undergo a blind, sensory testing procedure using a 5-point scale to determine superior quality wines worthy of an annual award (Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Gold Extra). We develop a hedonic model for the 2005 award competition estimating implicit prices for different product attributes including sensory awards, quality categories, and wine style. We also control for regional origin, variety, color, and age. To discern the impact of ownership structure, we distinguish cooperatives and private wineries. Silver and Bronze awards show significant price effects relative to Gold. We also estimate highly significant price effects between quality categories (e.g....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Product Quality; Pricing; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Q13; L15; D4.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51552
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COMMODITY R&D AND PROMOTION AgEcon
Richards, Timothy J.; Padilla, Luis.
Considerable evidence exists of high returns to public and private investment in commodity research and development programs. This study investigates the potential returns to product research, development, and marketing in a dynamic commodity-market model. Theoretical hypotheses derived from the solution to this model are tested in an empirical example of Washington apples. Estimation results show that, despite significant spillovers to research and promotion expenditure in this industry, there is nonetheless considerable latitude to increase annual sales.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Advertising; Commodity; Innovation; Optimal control; Poisson model; Research and development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L15; M37; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15083
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COMPETITION VS. QUALITY IN AN INDUSTRY WITH IMPERFECT TRACEABILITY AgEcon
Rouviere, Elodie; Soubeyran, Raphael.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Entry; Externality; Minimum Quality Standard; Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; L5.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116407
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Consumer Demand for Quality: Major Determinant for Agricultural and Food Trade in the Future? AgEcon
Caswell, Julie A.; Joseph, Siny.
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand has a strong effect on agricultural and food trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Food quality; Food safety; Consumer demand; Willingness to pay; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7390
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Contracting for Impure Public Goods: Carbon Offsets and Additionality AgEcon
Mason, Charles F.; Plantinga, Andrew J..
Governments contracting with private agents for the provision of an impure public good must contend with agents who would potentially supply the good absent any payments. This additionality problem is centrally important in the use of carbon offsets as part of climate change mitigation. Analyzing optimal contracts for forest carbon sequestration, an important offset category, we conduct a national-scale simulation using results from an econometric model of land-use change. The results indicate that for an increase in forest area of 50 million acres, annual government expenditures with optimal contracts are about $4 billion lower compared than under a uniform subsidy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Contracting; Offsets; Additionality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; D8; L15.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101290
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Corporate and Consumer Social Responsibilities: Label Regulations in the Lab AgEcon
Etile, Fabrice; Teyssier, Sabrina.
Although consumer attitudes toward corporate social responsibility are positive, socially responsible (SR) products are far from gaining significant market shares. Information asymmetries have been identified as one of the factor contributing to this attitude-behaviour gap, because social responsibility is a credence attribute. Signalling may remedy this market failure. We use an experimental posted offer market to investigate the impact of various regulatory requirements for labels on sellers’ choice to supply SR products and to signal it, and on buyers’ choice of ethical quality. Three treatments are tested: label certification by a third-party, “cheap-talk signalling” with random monitoring and with or without reputations. Individual social preferences...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Labels; Social responsibility; Social preferences; Separating equilibrium; Market game; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; C92; D82; L15; M14.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120399
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Designing U.S. Corn Grades to Reflect End Use Value AgEcon
Reimer, Jeffrey J.; Hill, Lowell D..
The 1986 U.S. Grain Quality Improvement Act introduced an explicit, economic purpose for grades-that they transmit information about end use value-but provided little guidance about what factors to include in grades. We determined which quality characteristics best reflect the processed value of U.S. corn in the case of a Japanese wet miller. Foreign material is the only grade factor closely related to processed value, but a large number of nongrade attributes, many of which reflect the intrinsic properties of corn, are found to vary substantially across shipments and to provide extensive information about value. Recommendations for U.S. grades are made.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Commodity marketing; Corn; Grades; Maize; Quality information; L15; Q13.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37311
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DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT QUALITY SYSTEM FOR METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISE BASED ON BALANCED SCORECARD WITH LIMITING FACTORS AgEcon
Pesin, Alexander; Salganik, Viktor; Ledneva, Galina.
The article considers inefficiency of the existing quality management systems (QMS) based on standards ISO series 9000. The authors offer integrated QMS with limiting factors on Balanced Scorecard. The Balanced Scorecard with limiting factors helps to efficiently direct process of continuous improvement and achieve top-priority criteria in quality management domain.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Management quality system; Priority operations in quality field; Theory of constrains; Balanced Scorecard.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L15.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94589
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Does traceability play a role in retailer’s strategies for private labels? AgEcon
Banterle, Alessandro; Souza Monteiro, Diogo M.; Stranieri, Stefanella.
Traceability is helping retailers manage food safety risks and support product differentiation. This paper aims to investigate how traceability may be used to screen supplier for private labels dedicated provider pools. Retailers in the UK and Italy have several private label product lines and increasingly select dedicated suppliers. The choice of providers is a typical agency problem as retailers contract the production for their private labels, having incomplete information on types and effort of their suppliers. Different contracts must be designed for suppliers of private labels depending on position of the product line and its food safety risk. A case study, based on the second largest Italian retailer reveals that traceability and quality assurance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Traceability; Dedicated providers; Food products; Retailing; Vertical coordination; Marketing; Q13; Q18; L81; L66; L15.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50933
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Eco-Labeling and the Price Premium AgEcon
Sedjo, Roger A.; Swallow, Stephen K..
International environmental and government organizations propose eco-labeling as a market incentive to cause industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and biodiversity-friendly manner. A microeconomic analysis questions whether eco-labeling will cause producer profits in a competitive industry to decline, even under a voluntary system, and whether eco-labeling will necessarily generate different prices for labeled and unlabeled product. Using wood product as an example, results identify conditions that may exist when firms lose profits, even under a voluntary system, and where existing production constraints may lead to a single price, regardless of labeling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Eco-labeling; Prices; Markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; D40; L10; L15.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10826
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Fed Cattle Profit Determinants Under Grid Pricing AgEcon
McDonald, R. Allen; Schroeder, Ted C..
This study determines the relative effects of price, cattle quality, and feeding performance factors on profit per head for fed cattle marketed via a grid structure. Two different data sets of cattle that were marketed in two different grid pricing systems are used in the analysis with comparisons of results made between grids. Grid base price and feeder cattle price are the most important determinants of profit over time in both grids. However, considering only nonprice variables, the cumulative quality of cattle in a pen is also an important profit determinant.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding profit; Grid pricing; Robust regression; L15; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37836
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FIRMS’ RESPONSES TO NUTRITIONAL POLICIES AgEcon
Duvaleix-Treguer, Sabine; Hammoudi, Hakim; Rouached, Lamia; Soler, Louis-Georges.
The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of nutritional policies on the behavior of firms, particularly in terms of food quality and prices, and to assess the potential impacts of such policies from a public health point of view. We determine how new products that are nutritionally improved can emerge in a market where incumbent firms offer competing unhealthy products. We also highlight a non-intentional effect of such policies: if consumer heterogeneity is high, then an information policy may simultaneously provide health benefits to the population as a whole but worsen the health of consumers that are less aware of nutritional effects. For a given level of nutritional tax, we determine the optimal threshold that firms must meet to avoid taxation....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nutrition policy; Product differentiation; Firms’ strategies; Taxation; Quality standards; Public health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; I18; H23.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116399
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Food safety and nutritional quality – Firms’ strategies and Public intervention AgEcon
Hammoudi, Abdelhakim; Nguyen, Huong-Hue; Soler, Louis-Georges.
The aim of our paper is to determine the conditions under which firms tend to offer the best nutritional quality of food products, and the public regulation required to obtain this in a context where diet and nutritional status plays an important part in maintaining health and preventing disease, and with increasing pressure for public intervention on food quality in developed countries. To this end, we develop a duopoly model where products can be horizontally (variety) and vertically (quality) differentiated. We analyze the perfect Nash equilibriums in a two period competition game where in the first stage, the firms decide simultaneously on the variety and the quality of the product to be sold and in the second stage, firms set prices. The model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Nutritional product; Health cost; Public regulation; Vertical and horizontal differentiation.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; L13; L15; L51; Q18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51749
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FUNCTIONAL FOODS AS DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCTS AgEcon
Bonanno, Alessandro.
Food products providing health benefits beyond nutrition, or functional foods, draw consumers’ attention and promise growth opportunities for innovator food manufacturers. European functional food manufacturers may be facing future challenges, mainly due to the European Union Regulation (EC) No.1924/2006 regulating food products’ health-claims. However, in spite of the interest shown by academics to understand the acceptance of these products no study exists that analyzes the profitability of functional foods. Using a relatively novel methodology – an adaptation of the LA/AIDS model by means of Pinkse Slade and Brett’s (2002) distance metric (DM) method – this article treats functional foods as differentiated products and provides estimates of demand and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Functional Foods; Differentiated Products; Distance Metric; Yogurt; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; L15; L25; L66.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116420
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Governance of the Agri-food Chains as a Vector of Credibility for Quality Signalization in Europe AgEcon
Raynaud, Emmanuel; Sauvee, Loic; Valceschini, Egizio.
For many agricultural products, the quality of the final products strongly depends on different stages of the productive chain. This stresses the importance of relationships between quality signal owners and suppliers in the vertical chain. Based on a New Institutional Economics analysis, the goal of this paper is twofold: (i) to design a framework to study the links between quality signaling, coordination in the supply chains and the institutional environment, (ii) to conduct a comparative analysis to identify, compare and explain the modes of organization implemented for the governance of different quality signs. The general hypothesis is that, in order to assure the credibility of a quality signal, there must be an efficient alignment between quality...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Alignment; Credibility; Governance structures; Quality signals; Agribusiness; L14; L15; L22.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24917
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How Cool is C.O.O.L.? AgEcon
Dinopoulos, Elias; Livanis, Grigorios T.; West, Carol Taylor.
This paper develops a partial equilibrium model of a small open-economy producing and trading an unsafe product that is supplied by perfectly competitive producers. The presence of product safety considerations, in this case risks to health, introduces a wedge between the market prices producers receive and the higher risk-adjusted prices consumers respond to. The size of the wedge depends positively on the per-unit cost of illness and the proportion of unsafe units embodied in the parent risky product. The model is used to analyze the welfare effects of trade with and without a country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program. Assuming imports are less safe than domestic production, the welfare gains from trade in the absence of COOL are ambiguous and may...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Country-of-origin labeling; Protection; Product safety; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; F10; F13; L15.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15658
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Il quadro normativo sulle denominazioni commerciali dei prodotti ittici nella gestione delle frodi: strumento di gestione o problema irrisolto? AgEcon
Gaviglio, Anna; Pirani, Alberto; Demartini, Eugenio.
Authors suppose the amounts of fraudulent seafood sales reported in recent years to be somehow correlated to the problems of Italian commercial fish-naming policy. However, given the lack of data and studies, the work has an exploratory nature focusing on three main issues: the seafood labeling policy framework, the evolution of lists of fish species’ trade names and the spread and type of fraudulent sales. According data authors believe that the fish-naming system is improving, however that lack of studies estimating the right amount of diversification in trade names for marine species seems so to be a weakness for a winning policy. Furthermore, seafood retailers seems to assume an important role on fraud management and government should support research...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Fish products; Labeling; Consumer protection; Research perspectives; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; L15; Q18; Q22.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/130451
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